Chopin's Piano

June 1, 2018
The destiny of one piano reveals changing attitudes about romantic music.Composer, pianist, and music historian Kildea (Benjamin Britten: A Life in the Twentieth Century, 2013, etc.), former artistic director of London's Wigmore Hall, crafts an engrossing narrative focused on a singular piano on which, in 1838, Frédéric Chopin (1810-1849) composed 24 astonishing preludes. Living in Majorca with his lover, George Sand, Chopin found a piano made from local woods by artisan Juan Bauza. "Bauza's instrument was out of date before it was completed," writes the author, technologically more primitive than pianos constructed by the respected company Pleyel, in Paris, Chopin's subsequent instrument of choice. The Bauza piano, Kildea asserts, contributed significantly to the unconventional sound of the Preludes, which garnered little attention when they were published in 1839. Robert Schumann was among the few who noticed, writing a "perplexed though ultimately admiring" review, calling them "ruins, eagle wings, a wild motley of pieces," poetic, passionate, yet also containing "the morbid, the feverish, the repellent." Chopin performed selections at private gatherings, eliciting similarly puzzled responses. Kildea offers a close technical and formal analysis of the pieces, concluding that "Chopin really did invent a new genre," constructing patchworks "from the most brilliant but unexpected juxtapositions." Suffering from stage fright, Chopin reluctantly gave public concerts; with the Bauza piano left behind in Majorca, he preferred "the soft attack, the hazy harmonics, the fine gradations between dynamics," and the varying tones in different registers of the Pleyel instruments. Kildea also examines the evolution of piano construction in the 1830s and '40s, "a Wild West" of experimentation and innovation. By the late 19th century, powerful new pianos, such as those made by the American firm Steinway, proved irresistible to pianists aiming for drama rather than the "thoughtful, intimate communications between composer, performer, and listener initiated by Chopin." As the author chronicles many pianists' interpretations of Chopin, Wanda Landowska emerges as an important champion. Besides performing and writing about Chopin's works, she acquired the Bauza piano, whose later provenance Kildea carefully traces.A deeply researched, gracefully told music history.

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Starred review from June 11, 2018
A humble piano that birthed some of composer Frédèric Chopin’s greatest pieces is the peg for a meditation on romanticism in this beguiling study. Composer and pianist Kildea (Benjamin Britten) recounts Chopin’s 1838–1839 sojourn on the Spanish island of Majorca where, confined in a gloomy monastery with his mistress, the novelist George Sand, and her children, he composed several of his most well-known preludes on a mediocre piano made by a local artisan, Juan Bauza. After that atmospheric introduction, the Bauza instrument recedes as Kildea’s biographical sketch of Chopin visits other pianos, including his beloved Pleyels and the innovative Steinways that now define his sound. The book’s second half centers on harpsichordist Wanda Landowska, who bought Bauza’s piano for her collection and lost it when Nazis pillaged her Paris home; Kildea’s account of her championship of historically accurate instruments and performance alongside late-romantic melodramatics anchors his insightful exploration of shifting styles of piano-playing and interpretations of Chopin. Kildea’s loose-limbed narrative includes wonderful evocations of the music (Prelude 18 “is like someone arguing with himself—interrupting, stuttering, slowly gaining in confidence and fluency, prone to wild coloratura declamations”) and luxuriant digressions on everything from piano-tuning tastes to the 19th-century rebuilding of Paris. This is a wonderful, melodic take on Chopin’s genius.

September 1, 2018

Kildea (Benjamin Britten) follows the progression of the music of Frédéric Chopin (1810-49) alongside the history of the piano, returning often to Chopin's instruments, especially his Bauza piano. The first part of the book examines in detail Chopin's relationship with friends and acquaintances, most intimately French novelist George Sand. The work extends beyond the composer's death, which is placed less than halfway through, with a discussion of the evolution of the piano and how these developments influenced performances of Chopin's music (his Preludes are the most recurring example). The second part concerns the harpsichordist Wanda Landowska, a student of two Chopin specialists, who acquired the Bauza piano, though it disappeared after she fled Nazi Europe. VERDICT Densely written and packed with details, this title will appeal not only to readers who enjoy Chopin but also those interested in piano history.--Elizabeth Berndt-Morris, Loeb Music Lib., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA

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