The Financing of Pension Systems in Central and Eastern Europe

افزودن به بوکمارک اشتراک گذاری 0 دیدگاه کاربران 5 (0)

An Overview of Major Trends and Their Determinants, 1990-1993

مشارکت: عنوان و توضیح کوتاه هر کتاب را ترجمه کنید این ترجمه بعد از تایید با نام شما در سایت نمایش داده خواهد شد.

ترجمه این کتاب مشاهده همه کتاب های ترجمه نشده

An Overview of Major Trends and Their Determinants, 1990-1993

The economic transformation in Central and Eastern Europe increased unemployment and pushed workers into early retirement. At the same time, the insolvency of enterprises and the growth of the informal sector reduced tax compliance and the number of contributors to the system. The resultant increase in the ratio of pensioners to contributors did not translate into an increase in pension costs relative to GDP for all countries in the region. Many countries reduced the generosity of their pension systems to mitigate or completely overcome increases in system dependency rates, and realized fairly stable of declining pension costs over the first few years of the transition. Countries that realized high and increasing costs are therefore largely those that have either raised pension payments relative to wages, or have not been able to reduce pension generosity sufficiently to counteract increases in system dependency rates. The paper concludes that decreasing the level and rate of growth of pension costs is the key to reducing pension fund deficits in evidence in nearly all countries in the region. High payroll tax rates make further increases in revenues an unrealistic scenario. The paper shows that improvements in tax compliance should help improve pension fund revenues. But even under full compliance, payroll tax rates would remain high, constraining employment and dampening economic growth. The paper finds that the source of financial problems in each pension system vary considerably across the region. It concludes that policies to improve pension fund financing cannot be generalized and should be designed to address the specific cause of high pension costs in each country.

لغو

گزارش تخلف

مغایرت عنوان کتاب با توضیحات و تصویر جلد
عدم رعایت حقوق نشر طبق قوانین جمهوری اسلامی ایران
محتوای مستهجن
توهین به قومیتها و محتوای نژادپرستی
توهین به اقیلیتهای مذهبی
اهانت به مقامات سیاسی و مذهبی
اشاعه ی کودک آزاری
سایر موارد

بستن

فرمت کتاب

ebook

زبان

english

تاریخ انتشار

1996

نویسنده

Emily S. Andrews

ناشر

World Bank Publications

شابک

9780821337493

20,000 تومان

خرید کتاب مطالعه نمونه درخواست ترجمه کتاب

خرید کتاب The Financing of Pension Systems in Central and Eastern Europe

The Financing of Pension Systems in Central and Eastern Europe

گزارش تخلف

فرمت کتاب

ebook

زبان

english

تاریخ انتشار

1996

نویسنده

ناشر

شابک

کتاب های مرتبط

The Financing of Pension Systems in Central and Eastern Europe

Agricultural Support Policies in Transition Economies

A Diagnostic Framework for Revenue Administration

Hungary

Food and Agriculture in Bulgaria

Trade and Cost Competitiveness in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovenia

Governance Impact on Private Investment

Telecommunications Legislation in Transitional and Developing Economies

Assessing Markets for Renewable Energy for Rural Areas of Northwestern China

The Development of Electricity Markets in the Euro-Mediterranean Area

Financial Markets, Credit Constraints, and Investment in Rural Romania

Kosovo

Treasury Reference Model

Measurement and Meaning

Small Scale Biomass Gasifiers For Heat And Power

Bibliography of Publications

Environmental Management and Institutions in OECD Countries

Designing Rules for Demand-Driven Rural Investment Funds

Management

Subsidies in World Fisheries

Southern African Agribusiness

دیدگاه کاربران