Behemoth

August 26, 2013
Documentarian and professor of filmmaking Tobias traces the history of the captive elephant in the U.S. and its development as a symbol of a young rebellious nation. He includes examples of late-19th-century political cartoons by Thomas Nast that established the elephant as a symbol of the Republican Party, resulting in the 1911 race between an actual donkey and an elephant from New York to Washington, D.C., to represent the presidential race of Wilson vs. Taft. He tells the often-tragic stories of elephants in the glory days of the circus. Jumbo, procured from England by P.T. Barnum with much controversy, was killed by a train. Barnum then toured with Jumbo’s “widow” for two seasons before she perished in a fire. Topsy was famously electrocuted by Thomas Edison after a lifetime of abuse and mistreatment. And Big Mary, famous for “playing baseball,” was hanged by a railroad crane for killing her incompetent trainer. Finally, Tobias looks at the more recent treatment of elephants, at the Elephant Sanctuary in Tennessee and the Los Angeles Zoo. This book is a vital history lesson on the myriad ways elephants have permeated American culture, from Taft to Dumbo; readers should be advised, however, that it includes graphic depictions of animal cruelty.

October 1, 2013
A personable exploration of how the pachyderm has impacted America since its arrival in 1796. Former Discovery Channel producer and natural history filmmaker Tobias chronicles the history of the world's largest living land animal from its arrival on American shores when market trader Jacob Crowninshield commissioned a young female calf to be transported by sea from Calcutta to New York. Crowninshield greatly profited from the gargantuan animal's public exhibition and swift sale, as would a long line of others, including entrepreneur-turned-circus man Hachaliah Bailey and curiosity museum curator P.T. Barnum. Tobias highlights others who have benefitted, as well, including Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party, who began using elephants as its branding symbol since its formalization in 1874. The author also tracks the performance "careers" of monstrous circus elephants, like mid-1800 ringmasters Raymond and Waring's "Hannibal," who registered at nearly 12 feet tall and 15,000 pounds; Tusko, dubbed "the World's Meanest Elephant"; and Jumbo, Barnum's lucrative cash cow. The accidental (and rage-induced) trampling of handlers, trainers and spectators, the author observes, created a fearfulness that inevitably led to their historically cruel but responsibly necessary euthanasia. Still, audiences remained transfixed by the sheer heft of these animal oddities, as did farmers and collectors. In lighter chapters, Tobias taps the pachyderm's connection to Shakespeare, the birthing and mothering of their offspring, and he provides a compassionate piece dedicated to Hohenwald, Tennessee's Elephant Sanctuary, a humanitarian refuge for "old, sick, and abused elephants" where virtual visitors can enjoy and interact with the animals remotely via 14 mounted surveillance cameras. Intermittently fascinating, comprehensive reading on the giants of the big top and beyond.

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