M�ller Cells in the Healthy and Diseased Retina

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M�ller glial cells ensheath all retinal neurons in vertebrate retinae. There are a multitude of functional interactions between neurons and M�ller cells, including delivery of the light stimuli to the photoreceptor cells in the inverted vertebrate retina, a 'metabolic symbiosis' with the neurons, and the processing of visual information. M�ller cells are also responsible for the maintenance of the homeostasis of the retinal extracellular milieu (ions, water, neuro�transmitter molecules, and pH). In vascularized retinae, M�ller cells may also be involved in the control of angiogenesis, and the regulation of retinal blood flow. Virtually every disease of the retina is associated with a reactive M�ller cell gliosis which, on the one hand, supports the survival of retinal neurons but, on the other hand, may accelerate the progress of neuronal degeneration:

M�ller cells protect neurons via a release of neurotrophic factors. However, gliotic M�ller cells display a dysregulation of various neuron-supportive functions. This contributes to a disturbance of retinal glutamate metabolism and ion homeostasis, and causes the development of retinal edema and neuronal cell death. Moreover, there are diseases evoking a primary M�ller cell insufficiency, such as hepatic retinopathy and certain forms of glaucoma. Any impairment of supportive functions of M�ller cells, primary or secondary, must cause and/or aggravate a dysfunction and loss of neurons, by increasing the susceptibility of neurons to stressful stimuli in the diseased retina.

M�ller cells may be used in the future for novel therapeutic strategies to protect neurons against apoptosis (i.e. somatic gene therapy), or to differentiate retinal neurons from M�ller/stem cells. Meanwhile, a proper understanding of the gliotic responses of M�ller cells in the diseased retina, and of their protective vs. detrimental effects, is essential for the development of efficient therapeutic strategies that use and stimulate the neuron-supportive/-protective - and prevent the destructive - mechanisms of gliosis.

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عدم رعایت حقوق نشر طبق قوانین جمهوری اسلامی ایران
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توهین به قومیتها و محتوای نژادپرستی
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اهانت به مقامات سیاسی و مذهبی
اشاعه ی کودک آزاری
سایر موارد

بستن

فرمت کتاب

ebook

زبان

english

تاریخ انتشار

2010

نویسنده

Andreas Bringmann

ناشر

Springer

شابک

9781441916716

20,000 تومان

خرید کتاب مطالعه نمونه درخواست ترجمه کتاب

خرید کتاب M�ller Cells in the Healthy and Diseased Retina

M�ller Cells in the Healthy and Diseased Retina

گزارش تخلف

فرمت کتاب

ebook

زبان

english

تاریخ انتشار

2010

نویسنده

ناشر

شابک

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