菊与刀 (The Chrysanthemum and the Sword))

《菊与刀》是二战后期美国人类学家鲁思·本尼迪克特奉美国政府之命，为分析、研究日本社会和日本民族性所做的调查分析报告，旨在为美国管制战败后的日本提供政策依据。“菊”是日本皇室家徽，“刀”是武士道文化的象征。本尼迪克特用“菊”与“刀”来象征日本人的矛盾性格，进而深度剖析、解读独特的文化传统和民族性格。书中，作者把笔触深入日本人生活的诸多方面，既展示了日本人的生活习性和行为信条，也剖析了这些习性和信条之所以形成的深层文化因素。自1946年出版以来，它在全世界引起了强烈反响，已经成为研究日本民族性的必读著作，并被认为是社会科学研究直接运用于政治实际操作的杰出例证。(The Chrysanthemum and the Sword is an investigation and analysis report made by Ruth Benedict, an American anthropologist at the end of World War II, on the command of the US government to analyze and study Japanese society and Japanese nationality while the aim is providing policy basis for the United States to control Japan after its defeat. "Chrysanthemum" is the Japanese royal family crest and the "knife" is a symbol of Bushido culture. Benedict used "Chrysanthemum" and "knife" to symbolize the contradictory character of the Japanese, and then deeply analyzed and interpreted the unique cultural tradition and national character. In the book, the author touches deeply into many aspects of Japanese life. It not only shows the Japanese life habits and beliefs, but also analyzes the deep cultural factors of these habits and beliefs. Since its publication in 1946, it has aroused strong repercussions all over the world. It has become a required book for studying the national character of Japan, and is regarded as an outstanding example of the direct application of social science research to political practice.)