A Commentary to Kant's Critique of Pure Reason
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Of all major philosophical works, The Critique of Pure Reason is one of the most rewarding, yet one of the most difficult. Norman Kemp Smith's Commentary elucidates not only textural questions & minor issues, but also the central problems which arise, he contends, from the conflicting tendencies of Kant's own thinking. This Commentary by Kant's foremost translator into English continues to be in demand with Kant scholars. Preface to the 1st Edition Preface to the 2nd Edition INTRODUCTION I TEXTUAL PAGE Kant's Method of composing the Critique of Pure Reason II HISTORICAL Kant's Relation to Hume & to Leibniz III GENERAL 1 The Nature of the a priori 2 Kant's Contribution to the Science of Logic 3 The Nature of Consciousness 4 Phenomenalism, Kant's Substitute for Subjectivism 5 The Distinction between Human & Animal Intelligence 6 The Nature & Conditions of Self-Consciousness 7 Kant's 3fold Distinction between Sensibility, Understanding & Reason 8 The place of the Critique of Pure Reason in Kant's Philosophical System THE CRITIQUE OF PURE REASON Title Motto Dedication to Freiherr von Zedlitz PREFACE TO THE 1ST EDITION Comment on Preface Dogmatism, Scepticism, Criticism PREFACE TO THE 2ND EDITION The Copernican Hypothesis INTRODUCTION Comment upon the Argument of Kant's Introduction How are Synthetic a priori Judgments possible? The Analytic & Synthetic Methods Purpose & Scope of the Critique Kant's Relation to Hume Meaning of the term Transcendental THE TRANSCENDENTAL DOCTRINE OF ELEMENTS Pt I THE TRANSCENDENTAL AESTHETIC Definition of Terms Kant's conflicting Views of Space Section 1 SPACE Kant's Attitude to the Problems of Modern Geometry Section 2 TIME Kant's Views regarding the Nature of Arithmetical Science Kant's conflicting Views of Time General Observations on the Transcendental Aesthetic The Distinction between Appearance & Illusion Kant's Relation to Berkeley The Paradox of Incongruous Counterparts Pt II THE TRANSCENDENTAL LOGIC Introduction I Logic in General II Transcendental Logic III The Division of General Logic into Analytic & Dialectic Division I THE TRANSCENDENTAL ANALYTIC Bk I THE ANALYTIC OF CONCEPTS Ch I THE CLUE TO THE DISCOVERY OF ALL PURE CONCEPTS OF THE UNDERSTANDING Section 1 The Logical Use of the Understanding Comment on Kant's Argument Stages in the Development of Kant's Metaphysical Deduction Section 2 The Logical Function of the Understanding in Judgment Section 3 The Categories on Pure Concepts of the Understanding Distinction between Logical Forms & Categories Pt II THE TRANSCENDENTAL LOGIC Ch II DEDUCTION OF THE PURE CONCEPTS OF THE UNDERSTANDING Analysis of the Text: the 4 Stages in the Development of Kant's Views I Enumeration of the 4 Stages II Detailed Analysis of the 4 Stages Kant's Doctrine of the Transcendental Object III Evidence yielded by the Reflexionen & Lose Blätter in Support of the Analysis of the Text IV Connected Statement & Discussion of Kant's Subjective & Objective Deductions in the 1st Edition Distinction between the Subjective & the Objective Deductions The Subjective Deduction in its initial empirical Stages Objective Deduction as given in the 1st Edition The later Stages of the Subjective Deduction The Distinction between Phenomenalism & Subjectivism Transcendental Deduction of the Categories in the 2nd Edition The Doctrine of Inner Sense Kant's Refutations of Idealism Inner Sense & Apperception Bk II THE ANALYTIC OF PRINCIPLES Ch I THE SCHEMATISM OF PURE CONCEPTS OF THE UNDERSTANDING Ch II SYSTEM OF ALL PRINCIPLES OF PURE UNDERSTANDING 1 The Axioms of Intuition 2 The Anticipations of Perception 3 The Analogies of Experience A 1st Analogy B 2nd Analogy Schopenhauer's Criticism of Kant's Argument Kant's Subjectivist & Phenomenalist Views of the Causal Relation Reply to Further Criticisms of Kant's Argument Pt II THE TRANSCENDENTAL LOGIC C 3rd Analogy Schopenhauer's Criticism of Kant's Argument 4 The Postulates of Empirical Thought in General Ch III ON THE GROUND OF THE DISTINCTION OF ALL OBJECTS WHATEVER INTO PHENOMENA & NOUMENA Relevant Passages in the Section on Amphiboly Alterations in the 2nd Edition Comment on Kant's Argument Appendix. The Amphiboly of the Concepts of Reflection Division II THE TRANSCENDENTAL DIALECTIC Introductory Comment upon the composite Origin & conflicting Tendencies of the Dialectic The History & Development of Kant's Views in regard to the Problems of the Dialectic Introduction I Transcendental Illusion II Pure Reason as the Seat of Transcendental Illusion Bk I THE CONCEPTS OF PURE REASON Section 1 Ideas in General Section 2 The Transcendental Ideas Section 3 System of the Transcendental Ideas Bk II THE DIALECTICAL INFERENCES OF PURE REASON Ch I THE PARALOGISMS OF PURE REASON 1st Paralogism: of Substantiality 2nd Paralogism: of Simplicity 3rd Paralogism: of Personality 4th Paralogism: of Ideality 2nd Edition Statement of the Paralogisms Is the Notion of the Self a necessary Idea of Reason? Ch II THE ANTINOMY OF PURE REASON Section 1 System of the Cosmological Ideas Section 2 Antithetic of Pure Reason Comment on Kant's Method of Argument 1st Antinomy 2nd Antinomy 3rd Antinomy 4th Antinomy Pt II THE TRANSCENDENTAL LOGIC Section 3 The Interest of Reason in this Self-Conflict Section 4 Of the Transcendental Problems of Pure Reason in so far as they absolutely must be capable of Solution Section 5 Sceptical Representation of the Cosmological Questions Section 6 Transcendental Idealism as the Key to the Solution of the Cosmological Dialectic Section 7 Critical Decision of the Cosmological Conflict of Reason with itself Section 8 The Regulative Principle of Pure Reason in regard to the Cosmological Ideas Section 9 The Empirical Employment of the Regulative Principles of Reason in regard to all Cosmological Ideas Solution of the 1st & 2nd Antinomies Remarks on the Distinction between the Mathematical-Transcendental & the Dynamical-Transcendental Ideas Comment on Kant's Method of Argument Solution of the 3rd Antinomy Possibility of harmonising Causality thru Freedom with the Universal Law of Natural Necessity Explanation of the Relation of Freedom to Necessity of Nature Comment on Kant's Method of Argument Solution of the 4th Antinomy Concluding Note on the whole Antinomy of Pure Reason Concluding Comment on Kant's Doctrine of the Antinomies Ch III THE IDEAL OF PURE REASON Sections 1-2 The Transcendental Ideal Comment on Kant's Method of Argument Section 3 The Speculative Arguments in Proof of the Existence of a Supreme Being Section 4 The Impossibility of an Ontological Proof Comment on Kant's Method of Argument Section 5 The Impossibility of a Cosmological Proof of the Existence of God Comment on Kant's Method of Argument Discovery & Explanation of the Transcendental Illusion in all Transcendental Proof of the Existence of a necessary Being Comment on Kant's Method of Argument Section 6 The Impossibility of the Physico-Theological Proof Section 7 Criticism of all Theology based on speculative Principles of Reason Concluding Comment APPENDIX TO THE TRANSCENDENTAL DIALECTIC The Regulative Employment of the Ideas of Pure Reason Hypotheses not permissible in Philosophy On the Final Purpose of the Natural Dialectic of Human Reason Concluding Comment on the Dialectic APPENDIX A THE TRANSCENDENTAL DOCTRINE OF METHODS Ch I THE DISCIPLINE OF PURE REASON Section 1 The Discipline of Pure Reason in its Dogmatic Employment Section 2 The Discipline of Pure Reason in its Polemical Employment Section 3 The Discipline of Pure Reason in regard to Hypotheses Section 4 The Discipline of Pure Reason in regard to its Proofs Ch II THE CANON OF PURE REASON Section 1 The Ultimate End of the Pure Use of our Reason Section 2 The Ideal of the Highest Good as a Determining Ground of the Ultimate End of Pure Reason Section 3 Opining, Knowing & Believing Ch III THE ARCHITECTONIC OF PURE REASON Ch IV THE HISTORY OF PURE REASON Appendix B Appendix C Index
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